![]() ![]() These three domains are used either separately or in combination. The aim is to select such methods that will be efficient for the development of partial parts and will also have a transfer to the overall development of fitness. The basic principle of the CrossFit ® training session is based on the uniform application of the modalities weightlifting (W), gymnastics (G), metabolic conditioning (M) (Crawford et al., 2018b). Studies on acute effects and interventions involving CrossFit ® (a total of 25) are described in the tables and commented in the text. The information found in the selected studies on CrossFit ®, long- and short-term effects, and concurrent training are described and discussed in the following sections. These research studies were classified according to their relevancy ( Figure 1). Of these, only 66 articles were relevant to the research topic – CrossFit ® and concurrent training strategies. After removing duplicates and titles/abstracts unrelated to the research topic, 320 studies remained. Altogether 9,632 articles were identified across the databases. The terms used were searched using AND to combine the keywords listed and using OR to remove search duplication where possible. The research studies were selected based on research topics such as acute response, strength, endurance, training, interference effect, chronic adaptation, CrossFit, high-intensity functional training, high-intensity interval training, weightlifting, concurrent training found in four databases Web of Science, PubMed, Springer, and Scopus. Some authors use the term High-intensity functional training however, it is not yet in full agreement with other scientists and athletes or the community. There are terms such as Functional fitness, Sport of fitness, or Extreme conditioning programs, which are not identical to the concept of sports performance or competition design. CrossFit ® is seen in the context of this article primarily as a sport. The author performed a systematic literature review of available human studies on the research topic describing CrossFit ®, high-intensity functional training, and concurrent training. ![]() This article aims to analyze the short-term and long-term effects of CrossFit ® and evaluate training strategies in conjunction with concurrent training. One of original goals of CrossFit ® is to develop ten physical skills (Cosgrove et al., 2019), but this paper focuses mainly on strength and endurance. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the training process to be as efficient as potential and to avoid possible interference (adverse effect on adaptation mechanisms in the development of strength or endurance during concurrent training) of these modals (Berryman et al., 2019). During training cycles, the combination of different types of strength and endurance is essential for CrossFit ® performance. Training sessions are often applied that contain strength and endurance components (Schlegel et al., 2020). Not only training preparation, but also the performances themselves are connected with the principles of concurrent training. The athlete must, therefore, be prepared to complete a variety of workouts. An important attribute of most competitions is the non-publication of workout of the day (WOD), announced just before or even during the competition. These fitness tasks are very diverse and require comprehensive readiness. In performance-oriented and competitive form, the goal is to test athletes in a variety of fitness aspects (Serafini et al., 2018 Tibana et al., 2019a). The purpose of CrossFit ® is to develop a wide range of abilities that also require maximum strength, long endurance, or mixed modal performance. Many competitions are not officially organized by CrossFit ® HQ, however, their concept is similar.Įvery sport needs to find effective methods to increase athlete performance. ![]() Performance and competition have become part of this sport, as evidenced by the number of participants in the CrossFit ® Games Open from 26000 in 2011 to more than 400,000 (Aucher, 2014 Mangine et al., 2020) as well as a significant number of international and local competitions. The first CrossFit ® Games were held in 2007, which can be described as the birth of the CrossFit ® competitive form. CrossFit ® has developed into a popular sport, there are more than 11,481 affiliated gyms worldwide (Official CrossFit ® Affiliate Map, 2020), which have an extensive base of athletes. ![]()
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